But this fruitful
period in the progress of the world, when the character of organic life
was higher and the physical features of the earth more varied than ever
before, was not without its storms and convulsions. The Pyrenees, the
Apennines, the Alps, and with them the whole range of the Caucasus and
Himalayas, were raised either immediately after the Cretaceous epoch, or
in the course of the Tertiaries. Indeed, with this most significant
passage in her history, Europe acquired all her essential characters.
There remained, it is true, much to be done in what is called by
geologists "modern times." The work of the artist is not yet finished
when his statue is blocked out and the grand outline of his conception
stands complete; and there still remained, after the earth was rescued
from the water, after her framework of mountains was erected, after her
soil was clothed with field and forest, processes by which her valleys
were to be made more fruitful, her gulfs to be filled with the rich
detritus poured into them by the rivers, her whole surface to be
rendered more habitable for the higher races who were to possess it.
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